University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Agricultural Pest Management 1 1 2014 08 23 Insecticidal and deterrence effects of ethanol extract from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) leaves against Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum (Col.: Tenebrionidae) and Thiacidas postica (Lep.: Noctuidae) Insecticidal and deterrence effects of ethanol extract from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) leaves against Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum (Col.: Tenebrionidae) and Thiacidas postica (Lep.: Noctuidae) 23 35 205 FA Nasser Farrar Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Mohammad Jafar Farsi Research Institute of forests and rangelands Hasan Askari Plant Protection Research Institute Abass Ali Zamani Razi Universitu, Kermanshah, Iran. Seyed Reza Golestaneh Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Journal Article 2014 03 17 The insecticidal and antifeedant properties of ethanol extract of Calotropis procera were investigated on the flour beetles, Tribolium spp., and Thiacidas postica by the food disc and sandwich procedure. The experiments were carried out according to a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The obtained results showed that all pupae of the flour beetles died at the concentrations of 90 and 120 µl/disc. At the other concentrations, the weight and growth of the adults were significantly different with the control. The mortality of neonate larvae of T. postica at the all concentrations was significantly greater than control. The feeding rates of the third and fifth instar larvae of T. postica at the concentrations of 30 and 60 µl/cm were significantly different with the other treatments. The results revealed that the amount of leaf consumption at the 30 and 60 µl/cm was higher than the other concentrations; consequently, the insecticidal and antifeedant properties were occurred at the low and high concentrations, respectively. The ethanol extract of C. procera had a noticeable effect on the relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) at all concentrations except 30 µl/disc concentration. In addition, the greatest influence on the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI) was observed at the concentrations of 60 and 120 µl/disc, respectively. The insecticidal and antifeedant properties of ethanol extract of Calotropis procera were investigated on the flour beetles, Tribolium spp., and Thiacidas postica by the food disc and sandwich procedure. The experiments were carried out according to a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The obtained results showed that all pupae of the flour beetles died at the concentrations of 90 and 120 µl/disc. At the other concentrations, the weight and growth of the adults were significantly different with the control. The mortality of neonate larvae of T. postica at the all concentrations was significantly greater than control. The feeding rates of the third and fifth instar larvae of T. postica at the concentrations of 30 and 60 µl/cm were significantly different with the other treatments. The results revealed that the amount of leaf consumption at the 30 and 60 µl/cm was higher than the other concentrations; consequently, the insecticidal and antifeedant properties were occurred at the low and high concentrations, respectively. The ethanol extract of C. procera had a noticeable effect on the relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) at all concentrations except 30 µl/disc concentration. In addition, the greatest influence on the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI) was observed at the concentrations of 60 and 120 µl/disc, respectively.

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